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FDR and the Creation of the U.N., by Townsend Hoopes, Douglas Brinkley
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In recent years the United Nations has become more active in-and more generally respected for-its peacekeeping efforts than at any other period in its fifty-year history. During the same period, the United States has been engaged in a debate about the place of the U.N. in the conduct of its foreign policy. This book, the first account of the American role in creating the United Nations, tells an engrossing story and also provides a useful historical perspective on the controversy. Prize-winning historians Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley explain how the idea of the United Nations was conceived, debated, and revised, first within the U.S. government and then by negotiation with its major allies in World War II. The experience of the war generated increasing support for the new organization throughout American society, and the U.N. Charter was finally endorsed by the community of nations in 1945. The story largely belongs to President Franklin Roosevelt, who was determined to form an organization that would break the vicious cycle of ever more destructive wars (in contrast to the failed League of Nations), and who therefore assigned collective responsibility for keeping the peace to the five leading U.N. powers-the major wartime Allies. Hoopes and Brinkley focus on Roosevelt but also present vivid portraits of others who played significant roles in bringing the U.N. into being: these include Cordell Hull, Sumner Welles, Dean Acheson, Harry Hopkins, Wendell Willkie, Edward Stettinius, Arthur Vandenberg, Thomas Dewey, William Fulbright, and Walter Lippmann. In an epilogue, the authors discuss the checkered history of the United Nations and consider its future prospects.
- Sales Rank: #2646217 in Books
- Published on: 2000-07-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x .67" w x 5.98" l, .95 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 300 pages
Amazon.com Review
At a time when it is fashionable to declare the United Nations as part of the problem, rather than the solution, to international conflicts, two noted historians lucidly explain how the original objective of the body has been lost among indecision, ideological quarreling, and a lack of clear leadership. In FDR and the Creation of the U.N., Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley examine the inception of the U.N. and chart its rocky history, identifying FDR as the primary player in the creation of the assembly.
In citing the U.N.'s biggest problems, the authors do not call for disbanding the body. Instead, in keeping with FDR's original vision, they offer solutions for improvements and insights. The challenges are formidable, however, as even daily operations are stalled due to the debt of $3.3 billion owed by U.N. members. The authors pay particular attention to the United States' responsibility for international peacekeeping. To make the U.N. effective, they argue, the U.S. must not only pay its share of the debt, but accept the fact that it has the military and political power to create results--if only it chooses to do so.
From Library Journal
Hoopes and Brinkley (Dean Acheson: The Cold War Years, LJ 11/1/92) offer a short history of the formation of the United Nations. They trace decades of interplay between idealism and realpolitik, from the League of Nations, through World War II and postwar diplomacy and planning, to the U.N.'s birth in 1945 in San Francisco. In a preface, the coauthors state their hope that "more reasoned, more consistent" U.S. support of the U.N. will result from an understanding of the decisive role played by Franklin Roosevelt and other Americans in its creation; yet they express doubt, in an epilog, that the organization will achieve the reforms needed to win that support. In between, the authors deliver a fine narrative based largely on familiar secondary sources, such as Ruth B. Russell's History of the United Nations Charter (Brookings, 1958) and Robert A. Divine's Second Chance (LJ 4/1/67). Most useful to libraries serving undergraduates.?Robert F. Nardini, North Chichester, N.H.
Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Booklist
With the Internet buzzing about black helicopters and Letterman whining about losing Boutros Boutros-Ghali as monologue material (quick quiz: What's the name of the new U.N. secretary general?), this graceful analysis of the international organization's American roots is timely. Hoopes and Brinkley (affiliated with the Universities of Maryland and New Orleans), who collaborated on a recent biography of James Forrestal, Driven Patriot (1992), offer a study that opens with Wilson's League of Nations battle (and FDR's sidelines view of that defeat), then traces the growing conviction of the Allied leaders before and during World War II that some collective security organization was needed to prevent recurring global wars. Though their focus is the '30s and '40s, when plans for a new international agency gestated, the lack of historical perspective in current U.S. criticism of the U.N. prompts an epilogue surveying its five-decade record and stressing that, absent the U.N., however flawed, the U.S. itself would have to act as civilization's police force. Mary Carroll
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Roosevelt's view of the United Nations in 2014?
By laurens van den muyzenberg
That is what I was wondering when reading the excellent book about the creation of the UN. When you read the book you may wonder too. The UN has not delivered what he hoped for that is permanent peace. There has not been a third world war and may be the UN has made a contribution. There have however several wars between small countries and civil wars. The UN has shown itself to be a more useful organization than the League of Nations it replaced.
Roosevelt realized that the allocation of responsibility to prevent and halt wars could only be assigned to great powers and that if these great powers would not join the UN unless, the "Policemen" had a right of veto on the use of force. Roosevelt would be disappointed that these veto powers were used so frequently. Roosevelt would have expected at there would be one United Europe representative with real power instead stead of two representing only a small part of Europe. He would also have welcomed India and Japan to join the Security Council. He would still be convinced that his idea of a few large powers with the responsibility to maintain peace was the right principle. He would have concluded that new methods have to found to reduce tensions inside and between states and solve poverty problems.
This book describes in an excellent and complete way the difficulties to arrive at the organization and its rules and authority. The authors also describe the organizational weaknesses of the UN organization such as the lack of competences of many of the staff and the immense difficulties to reorganizing the UN to become more efficient and effective.
The authors conclude:
"The challenge to the American political system is to recognize both the fundamental importance of the United Nations organization and it's limitations. The United States should take a leading role in an effort to strengthen a UN peacekeeping system that is deliberately designed to reduce the need for US-led military effort. Our civilization needs a police force. The best available combination solution is still the United Nations strongly supported by the United States-the formula that Franklin Roosevelt fought with all his strength to achieve more than half a century ago."
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent Book on the Purpose of the U.N. and Today's Issues
By Todd Carlsen
60 million people died in World War II. 18 million died in World War I. The financial costs were huge. Franklin Roosevelt was determined to prevent a third world war, and to foster stability and prosperity in the world. His plan worked, though the U.N. has not unfolded as he envisioned.
This insightful book examines the creation of the U.N. and today's issues. Below is an abbreviated review by H-Net I found on the Internet:
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Begin quote
Reviewed by Matthew S. Magda, Sacred Heart University.
Published by H-USA (December, 1997)
FDR and the Creation of the U.N.
The United Nations has received renewed attention since the end of the Cold War. In the early 1990s, especially following the success of the U.N.-authorized coalition against Iraq's military seizure of Kuwait, hopes rose among internationalists that the United Nations would now play its proper role as primary deterrent of international aggression. No longer fettered by the rivalry between the most powerful members of its Security Council, the United Nations could begin functioning as the guarantor of international peace and prosperity...
Currently, Americans are involved in both rational and emotionally-charged discussions about the future role of the United Nations and its potential impact on U.S. foreign policy... There are those who argue that a strong United Nations is essential because it will serve the long-term interests of the United States to have an institution with legitimate international credentials to turn to for help in settling conflicts and subduing threats to global stability. This latter view is shared by the authors of FDR and the Creation of the U.N.
In the Preface of their book, Townsend Hoopes and Douglas Brinkley tell readers that they hope to add needed historical perspective to the current debate on the future role of the United Nations. They believe that by doing so, they will remind Americans and others of the vital role played by Franklin D. Roosevelt and the United States in the creation of the United Nations. Finally, they seek to elevate understanding and discussion so that Americans would come to a more reasoned and consistent support for an institution which "embodies the highest hopes of mankind"
Hoopes and Brinkley explain how the failure of the League of Nations shaped the ideas of FDR and American policymakers... The absence of a strong League enabled aggressor states to pursue expansionist policies which eventually led to World War II. Therefore, FDR was determined that the mistakes of the past would be avoided. He wanted the United States to be a leader in the formation of a postwar international security organization.
... Hoopes and Brinkley believe that international peace depends on the formula first developed by FDR: a United Nations organization firmly backed by the United States. Such a formula worked well to deter aggression in Korea in the early 1950s and in the Persian Gulf in the 1990s.
FDR and the Creation of the U.N. is well written and its central idea persuasively argued. Readers will especially appreciate its tight organization with ample headings to identify topics or issues...
End Quote
10 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
Detailed book for anyone seriously interested
By A Customer
While this book would be leisure reading to only the most dedicated UN or FDR follower, it is one of the best books I could find for a report on the subject. The book is quite thorough and the different aspects the authors discussed gave me a greater understanding of the process. Many of the decisions made prior to the creation of the UN were delicate with the opposing desires of Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin. This book explains how Roosevelt contributed along with other factors that affected his moves including early influences from Wilson's League of Nations. Although this book would not be for everybody, it is a must read for those with a genuine intrest--or a school report--on this subject.
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